the effect of non – pharmacologic pain management methods for venipuncture pain in school aged children in the center for thalassemia in the city of kerman

the effect of non – pharmacologic pain management methods for venipuncture pain in school aged children in the center for thalassemia in the city of kerman     bageriyan s [1] , borhani f [2] *, abaszadeh a [3]     received: 12 sep, 2012 accepted: 20 nov, 2012   abstract   background & aims : establishing intravenous line (iv catheter) is one of the most common invasive procedures that cause pain in these children. injection pain in children is so important that is stated as the most stressful aspect of their disease. there are various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to prevent and reduce pain. one of the non-pharmacological methods to reduce pain is distraction   aim: comparison of the influence of two distraction methods (rhythmic breathing and bubble making) on the pain severity of injection procedures for school age children in kerman thalassemia center.   materials & methods : the present study is a clinical trial. the research sample consists of 40 thalassemia children with 6-12 years old, who have registered in kerman thalassemia center. the participants were randomly divided into two groups. in the first experimental group, bubble making was performed and in the second experimental group, rhythmic breathing was carried out. the data gathering instruments were included: demographic information questionnaire, the investigation scale of pain behavioral signs, numeric pain scale. the analysis of the data was carried out through descriptive and analytical analysis.   result : the data indicated that there was not a significant difference between the two experimental groups in the average scores of pain (p>0. 05). there was a reverse and significant correlation between the increase of age and numerical pain scale using spearman correlation test (rho=- 0. 278, p < 0. 05). there was also a reverse and significant correlation between the increase of age and behavioral pain scale using spearman correlation test (rho = -0. 359, p < 0. 01). there was a direct and significant correlation between the numerical pain scale and behavioral one using spearman correlation (rho=0. 674, p < 0. 001).   conclusion: based on the result of this study, the two distraction methods ( rhythmic breathing and bubble making ) can reduce the pain of injection procedures in children.   key words: pain, bubble making, rhythmic breathing, distraction methods     address: faculty of razi nursing and midwifery kerman university of medical sciences   tel:   email :   [1] master of nursing, member faculty of nursing and midwifery, bam university medical sciences   [2] phd in nursing , professor of nursing , faculty of razi nursing and midwifery , kerman university of medical sciences (corresponding author)   [3] phd in nursing , associate professor of nursing , faculty of razi nursing and midwifery , kerman university of medical sciences